The Jaina Doctrine of Karma And The Science Of Genetics: ▪ Birth Process

The universe is eternal. The world is beginningless. Soul is eternal. Karmas are in abundance. Life and death are in abundance, therefore, there is no space worth an atom in this world where there is no birth and death of a creature. "There is not a single species, vigina place or genus where the soul has not taken birth innumerably and infinitely."

The cycle of birth and death revolves infinitely unless the soul is free from karmas. Birth is definitely after death. Birth means to come into being. The origination process of all the creatures is not same. Species vagina and genus are innumerable. There is some or other kind of difference of colour, odour, taste and touch in the birth place of every creature. Even though the processes of origin are not many. All the creatures are born in three ways. That is why there are three kinds of births:

1. Sammurcchana
2. Conception
3. Upapāda.

1. Sammurcchana
   
   The birth of those creatures whose place of birth is not fixed and who don't conceive is called 'sammurcchana'. Upto four sensed organed creatures are born through sammurcchana. Many five sense organed men born at placed like excreta, urine and mucous etc. fourteen different places of man and animal are also born as sammarcchana.
   

2. Conception
   
   The birth that takes place through male semen and female menstrual secretion is called conception. Egg-bearing, yolk-bearing and foetus-bearing five sense organed creatures are born, through conception.
   

3. Upapāda
   
   The birth of those creatures whose birth place is fixed is called upapāda. Gods and hellish creatures are born, as upapāda. A narrow necked pot for the hellish creatures and sleeping beds for Gods are the fixed birth places.

Creature  take birth in both conscious and non-conscious bodies.

All the activities going on through the physical body of creatures take place through the association of the power of the soul and material particles both.^[58]