Tattvartha Sutra: 02.32-36

02.32 Sammoorchhangarbhopapātā Janma

Audio:
Sanskrit:	सम्मुर्छ्नगर्भोपपाता जन्म।
Hindi:	सम्मुर्छन, गर्भ और उपपात - ये जन्म के तीन प्रकार है।

02.33 Sachittashitsamvrutāh Setara Mishrāshchai-kashastadyonayah

Audio:
Sanskrit:	सचितशीतसंवृता: सेतरा  मिश्राश्चेकशस्तद्योनय: ।
Hindi:	सचित, शीत, संवृत ये तीन तथा इनकी प्रतिपक्षी तीन (अचित, उष्ण और विवृत) तथा मिश्रित तीन (सचिताचित, शीतोष्ण और संवृतविवृत) - इस प्रकार तीन तीन प्रकार की योनियाँ है, कुल नो प्रकार की है ।

02.34 Jarāyvandapotajānām Garbhah

Audio:
Sanskrit:	जराय्वंडपोतजानां गर्भ: ।
Hindi:	जरायुज, अंडज और पोतज प्राणियों का गर्भ जन्म होता है ।

02.35 Nārakdevānāmupapātah

Audio:
Sanskrit:	नारकदेवानामुपपात: ।
Hindi:	नारक और देवों का उपपात जन्म होता है!

02.36 Sheshānam Sammoorchhanam

Audio:
Sanskrit:	शेषाणाम सम्मुर्च्छ्नम ।
Hindi:	शेष सब प्राणियों का सम्मुर्च्छ्न जन्म होता है ।

02.32-36

English:

Birth takes place in three ways, by agglutination, pregnancy and spontaneous emergence. The places of their origin can be of nine types, viz. sentient, cool, covered, insentient, warm, uncovered, partly sentient, partly warm or cool and partly covered. Those born of pregnancy are umbilical, hatched or non-umbilical. Birth of infernal and heavenly beings occurs by spontaneous emergence. The rest are born of agglutination.

These sutras describe three types of birth as resulting from I) pregnancy, ii) spontaneous emergence and iii) agglutination. The first category is termed as Garbhajanya, the second as Upapātajanya and the third as Sammoorchchhim. Those born with umbilical cords like human beings and other mammals, those born without the umbilical cord like invertebrates and those turning out of eggs like most of the birds are termed as Garbhaj; all the heavenly and infernal beings are Aupapātik and all others are Sammoorchchhim. The last one is an exclusively Jain concept. It denotes the birth, where a soul absorbs the material particles lying on the spot and converts them into the agglutinated body.